Specific energy refers to the energy per unit weight of fluid in an open channel flow, comprising the sum of the kinetic and potential energies. […]

Sharp-crested weirs are hydraulic structures with a thin, sharp-edged crest that protrudes above the water surface in channels or rivers. They are commonly used to

Rapidly varied flow in an open channel refers to a condition where the water surface undergoes abrupt changes over a short distance, often due to

The Manning equation is an empirical formula used to calculate the velocity of open channel flow, such as in rivers and streams. It relates the

Gradually varied flow refers to the gradual change in water surface elevation along an open channel, typically occurring in reaches with varying channel slopes and

Broad-crested weirs are structures used in hydraulic engineering to measure and control the flow of water in rivers and channels. They consist of a wide,

Hydraulic radius is a fundamental parameter used in fluid mechanics to characterize the efficiency of an open channel or pipe in conveying fluid. It is